10.16 Plotting \(f_{4}\)-ratio results

Run the code below to plot the \(f_{4}\)-ratio values we computed:

ggplot(data = f4_ratio_result,
       aes(x = X, y = alpha, color = p < 0.05)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = alpha - 2 * stderr, ymax = alpha + 2 * stderr),
                width = 0.5) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = 2) +
  labs(y = "Neanderthal ancestry proportion", x = "Present-day individual")

Based on what we know about Papuan populations, do you think the estimate of 4% Neanderthal introgressed DNA is accurate?

We know that Oceanian populations also experienced introgression from Denisovans. Denisovans were more genetically similar to Neanderthals than to modern humans, so Denisovan ancestry is being counted as Neanderthal ancestry by this metric.